Ambition in Macbeth

Ambition is often the driving force in one’s life. It can have an extremely dominant impact on not only yourself, but also many people in your surroundings. You have the ability to control if the outcomes either have a lasting negative or positive effect. When a goal requires determination and hard work to complete, personal morals often take a back seat to the aspiration of accomplishing the goal. In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, it is clear that like many other great leaders, Macbeth exemplifies the necessary leadership virtue of ambition.Macbeth’s ambition does not just drive him to do great things. It in fact controls him. The playwright explores the idea of how an individual’s ambition can cause them to deceive others, make irrational decisions, and cause internal turmoil. Ambition, along with the influence of his wife, Lady Macbeth, causes Macbeth to deceive his peers in order to attain position as king. The first time the reader sees Macbeth’s ambit ion causing him to be deceitful, is when him and his wife invite the current King of Scotland into their home for a dinner, with the soul intent of killing him.After receiving news of Macbeth’s new honor, she holds greater ambitions for Macbeth and pushes him to the edge to achieve the personal goals that she has set for him. To achieve the main goal of becoming king, Macbeth must deceive Duncan in way that will allow him to take over the throne. He must do this by taking action when â€Å"The bell invites [him]. Hear it not, Duncan; for it is a knell. That summons thee to heaven or to hell. † (Act II, scene i) This visibly demonstrates how Macbeth deceived his friend into trusting him, when clearly his wife and he had different intentions all along.This proves how an individual’s ambition has the capability to consume ones personal morals and values for the worse. The impacting role of ambition in Macbeth’s life also causes him to make quick, remorseful, irrational decisions. One of these decisions that he made was hiring murderers to execute Banquo. Macbeth believes in the witches prophesy that Banquo will be the father of a king, making Fleance, Banquo’s son, a definite threat to Macbeth’s current position as king. He wants to carry on his legacy as ruler of Scotland, so it appears to him that he has no other options but to eliminate his opposition.Caught up in the moment and his recently developed ambition drove him to do whatever it takes to stay in power. Macbeth realizes that â€Å"It will have blood; they say, blood will have blood† (Act III, scene iv), but what he is unaware of is his guilty conscience that is slowly beginning to creep over himself. Due to his thrill to kill and illogical decision making, Macbeth begins to have second thoughts about his actions. These decisions cause a great disturbance and uncertainty for Macbeth, soon c    Macbeth’s ambitious drive to become king causes him t o have internal conflicts.These issues have been forced upon him by his wife, and have fully consumed his mind and led him to hallucinate. Internal turmoil-ghost, dagger. A strong desire to do or to achieve something, typically requiring determination and hard work. Desire and determination to achieve success Desire, aspiration, ambition In Macbeth, ambition is presented as a dangerous quality. It causes the downfall of both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth and triggers a series of deaths in Macbeth. Ambition is therefore the driving force of the play.Macbeth’s ambition is driven by a number of factors including: Prophesy: The Macbeth witches prophesize that Macbeth will become King. Macbeth believes them and the various prophesies are realized throughout the play. However, it is unclear whether these prophesies are preordained or self fulfilling. Lady Macbeth: his wife is the driving force that encourages Macbeth to overcome his strong sense of guilt and take action on the prophesie s. Macbeth’s ambition soon spirals out of control and forces him to murder again and again to cover up his previous wrongdoings.Macbeth’s first victims are the Chamberlains who are blamed and killed by Macbeth for the murder of King Duncan. Banquo’s murder soon follows once Macbeth fears that the truth could be exposed. Ambition is often the driving force in one’s life. It is supposed to be the motivating factor that drives one towards success. Society also deems ambition a necessary quality of their leader. It can be said that Macbeth exhibits this quality of ambition. He is the strong, valiant warrior who has won in battle and brought victory to Scotland.However, Macbeth’s quest to acquire more power-his ambition-ultimately leads to his tragic demise. How can one allow himself to be destroyed by such a thing? Before Duncan’s murder, Macbeth questions and second guesses his ambitious tendencies and actions. Despite his anxiety, he succumbs to these tendencies and finds himself in an increasingly precarious situation, with his back against the wall and growing ever closer to his almost inevitable end. It is obvious that Macbeth has ambition, as most people who are in power do.In fact, ambition is often a necessary quality of people in such high standing as Macbeth is. However, Macbeth’s ambition does not just drive him to do great things. It in fact controls him Through all these things, one can clearly see that Macbeth is headed on a path for disaster; a path started, and forcefully driven, by his ambition. His ambition drove him to kill Duncan so he could acquire the throne. His ambition then drove him to order the murders of Banquo and Fleance. Through that process alone, one could say that Macbeth’s ambition did lead to his downfall.However, even more disastrous than the external consequences of his ambition were his internal consequences. Macbeth’s ambition was constantly putting him in a stru ggle between right and wrong. Macbeth finally lost this battle, and succumbed to the evil side of his ambition. Being the successful, proud, and noble warrior that he was, maybe this loss of what was good inside of him was the root of Macbeth’s insanity. One will never know, but it can be said that Macbeth’s ambition, whether through his actions or through his own internal degradation, did ultimately lead to his demise.

Mary rowlandson

Mary rowlandson BY walker732 Mary Rowlandson: A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration In exploring, the captivity of a puritan woman on the tenth of February 1675, by the Indians with great rage and numbers, Mary Rowlandson will portray many different views of the Indians in her recollected Narrative. Starting off with a savage view of ruthless Indian violence, and then after seeing the light of God in delivery of a Bible by an Indian warrior returning from the demise of a near puritan fight, Concluding with the friendly release of her as if she almost became one of the Indian eople.Mary Rowlandson begins the view of her captors in a negative way, as they brutally mutilate her friends, family and neighbors. On the departure of her first thoughts of captivity, she says â€Å"Now away we must go with those barbarous creatures, with our bodies wounded and bleeding, and our hearts no less than our bodies. † (Rowlandson 130) She endures many graphic images, painted easily, wit h the embedment it had on her brain.In Colin Ramsey's critical essay of ‘Cannibalism and Infant Killing: A System of ‘Demonizing' Motifs in Indian Captivity Narratives' he escribes â€Å"Mary Rowlandson's captivity narrative was the first in a long succession of Puritan captivity accounts that painted Indians as Satanic cannibalistic infant-killers. Rowlandson's language conveys this message implicitly: she describes the Indians as â€Å"a company of hellhounds†, who smash out the brains of some children and shoot others. Thus we were butchered,† she writes, and all the while the Indians were â€Å"roaring, singing, ranting and insulting,†Ã¢â‚¬â€œthe scene looked to Rowlandson like â€Å"a company of sheep torn by wolves†. † (Ramsey) From this perspective was it that the Indians had no heart, no since of home training or was it a mindset of dangerous foreign enemies before they enter battle? Were these Indians so traumatized by the possi bility of over looked violence inflicted on them over time, that caused such a vicious attack on the day which, Mary Rowlandson was captured.Later in the narrative we will learn that those Indians who inflicted pain on this particular capture or killing spree were possibly the crazy Indians that had to be chosen to fulfill what the tribe required of them as warriors. Our next portrayal of the Indians was that of the delivery of a Bible by an Indian ho had Just burned down a town. Mary Rowlandson says â€Å"l cannot but take notice of the wonderful mercy of God to me in those afflictions, in sending me a Bible.One of the Indians that came from Medfield fight, he had got one in his basket. I was glad of it and asked him, whether he thought the Indians would let me read? He answered, yes. â€Å"(Rowlandson 133) At this point Mary had a choice of thinking that it was God and God only who had brought her this Bible at such a critical time or that of the Indians to be decent human being s. From all this murder and disarray, why would anyone ake the time to bring her specifically, a Bible?She knows this is the will of God but why show it through an enemy, though a face in which she is uncertain of good or evil. Immediately sne reads chapter 28, that ot Deuteronomy where sne thinks as it this is the last sign until the end of her life, but as she kept reading she followed the words of God to cope with the situation at hand. Upon her descent form the tribe's custody, she encountered the Indians in a new light. At first they were all against it, except my husband would come for me, but fterwards they assented to it, and seemed much to rejoice in it; some asked me to send them some bread, others some tobacco, others shaking me by the hand, offering me a hood and scarf to ride in; not one moving hand or tongue against it. † (Rowlandson 139) Mary, not sure if it was God's way of granting her desire, she wanted to leave in peace with no looking over the shoulder. The re was an offer to leave in the night, but she declined in which she wanted no problems but a peaceful journey home.At this point she is viewing her capture, as an exchange or a bartering ool used by the Indians, so why flee the scene and risk further troubles. In Andrew Newman's Critical essay â€Å"Captive on the literacy frontier† he says, â€Å"Rowlandson and Johnston both emerged with their cultural identities intact, but their experiences of captivity display the progress of over a century of national identity formation. Rowlandson manifests the raise-the-drawbridge mentality appropriate to a member of a community that already saw itself as being isolated against the World, and was further threatened with immanent extinction. (Newman) This was a ealization of a barrier that needed to be recognized of the New World, where both Indians and Puritans could live under God's rein. If God were to provide to both races, who is it to say one doesn't belong? All in all, Mary Row landson has taken this as a learning experience in which kept her on the path to God, when one minute she is living amongst loved ones enjoying life, and the next a captive, of a rival Indian tribe. Recollecting the wish of affliction on herself, now that she has experienced her share, she is glad to possess prosperity. Baym, Nina, and Robert S.

History of economics summary of obama's speech Essay

History of economics summary of obama's speech - Essay Example The country maintained its figure by beating at the moon, but here has come up new challenges with varying difficulties to test ‘whether this nation would endure’ (remember Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address). As Craighill reports in Washington Post, 84 percent of speech-watchers responded positively to Obama’s speech. With regard to investment policy, Obama said that he would propose a new investment budget which aims at innovations in clean energy technologies and heavy reliance on nuclear power in order to meet the challenge of exceeding dependency on fossil fuel (McGreal). The most potential aspect of Indian as well as Chinese model of investment he finds is their genuine concern in education especially in math and science. â€Å"Over the next ten years, nearly half of all new jobs will require education that goes beyond a high school degree† he reminded. He also reminds the Republicans who are skeptical about huge investments that â€Å"cutting the d eficit by gutting our investment in education and innovation is like lightening an overloaded airplane by removing its engine†. Obama intended to ensure the Republican support as he said they were at the moment to determine ‘if government’s growth is left unchecked and unchallenged’.

Small and Medium Sized Enterprises and the Risks they Face in an Essay

Small and Medium Sized Enterprises and the Risks they Face in an International Environment - Essay Example In proportion to other trends of globalization, small and medium sized Enterprises are increasingly occupied in international businesses. â€Å"Foreign investments by small and medium scale enterprises have also increased† (Feyter 2011). SMEs account for a major share of exports and imports and go up to international network of production. â€Å"Small organizations have very little, if any, influence over the forces of external environment, and this can be attributed to the limited resource of the small firm† (Sha n.d). As SMEs try to internationalize, they frequently come across extensive hurdles. These hurdles are complex, and they can be from the larger, external, business environment of SMEs including barriers of trade policy; or from the internal environment of firms. â€Å"Currency fluctuations are the top concern for 49% of UK SMEs† (International Trade: Confidence Concerns and Risk for UK Smes). The various risks that small businesses face when they engag e in the international trade include credit risk, interest rate risk, country risk, and currency issue. Credit Risk- SMEs regularly complain that their competitiveness and growth are restricted by lack of access to the financing and high cost of credit. The high cost of credit remains a major constraint in the development of SMEs, although there is proof that SMEs are more concerned about the access to credit than the cost of credit. Interest rate risk arises when the business depends more on borrowed funds, or revenue generated from savings. Fluctuations in interests rates affect the total profit of the business through reduction in income from the interest or by increases in the interest expenses. Country Risk The country risks in foreign exchange trading are connected with the intervention of government in foreign exchange market. Currency Issue- Most of the international trade is carried out in dollars. This has paved way to considerable exchange risks of currency. While taking SMEs in UK as an example, thirty six percent of SMEs   business leaders of UK   who carry out international business quote ‘currency fluctuations’ (Latest Market Research Surveys 2009) as their overruling concern. In spite of fluctuations in currency being their key concern, an astonishing fifty six per cent of SME leaders admit that they do not control their financial risk. UK SMEs on trading internationally, consider problems of currency fluctuations, legislation, problems in payment, pricing, language barrier, time limitations, and cultural differences. Aims and Objectives 1. To identify the risks faced by SMEs by way of international trading 2. To provide solutions to lessen the risks aroused from international trade Methodology The data for this business report is gathered from secondary sources like journals and articles published, and from different texts. â€Å"Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem† (Research Metho dology: An Introduction 1978). Primary sources are not used, as data collection from the SMEs of different countries as a whole is not possible. Secondary sources include data that are collected and gathered for a further purpose. The secondary sources include not only reports and records that are published, but also unpublished records, including different registers and records kept by organizations and firms like

Society 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Society 2 - Assignment Example It has made some unexpected communication processes possible and quicker at the same time. The purpose of this essay is to discuss and analyze NFC and mobile payment technology. Moreover, this paper will also discuss the societal and cultural impacts of NFC and Mobile payment technology. Figure 1: Life with NFC technology (Rackley, 2011) Understanding the New Trends; NFC and Mobile Payments: Saving time and labor, these new shifts in communication technology have helped the mankind in every possible way. However, it has set new trends in this world as well. Processes, which used to take weeks and months, are now just a click and touch away. Near Field Communication generally known as NFC is a kind of application or a standardized setting in the smart phones and all other similar devices such as tablets, iPads etc. The basic purpose of NFC is to set up a radio communication between smart phones or others devices by bringing them in touch with each other or at least in close immediacy depending on the requirements of the device. Once the connection has been established, a lot of tasks can be performed through it, such as contactless transactions, exchange of data / information, or a set up of multifaceted communications e.g. Wi-Fi. The communication can also be established between a NFC device and a powered off NFC chip (tag) (Coskun, Ok, & Ozdenizci, 2011). Figure 2: Image showing the working of NFC (Coskun, Ok, & Ozdenizci, 2011). With the growing technology, the payment methods are also made easy and simplified. All kinds of payments from utility to the bank and other financial payments are now on your fingertips. Mobile payment is a term which is used for the payments of different things through the smart phones. It is also known as mobile money, mobile money transfer or mobile wallet. It was a long time back when people used to carry bundles of cash and brief cases with them in order to make payments. With this technology this technique has almost diminished . At present a majority of people prefer paying through their mobiles for a variety of services. Instead of paying cash or cheque, they use their phones (Saylor, 2013). Trends: These new technologies have captured almost every country and have set new trends for the payments and transfer methods. According to the financial survey, the combined amount of mobile payments which were made by 2013 has reached $600 Billion globally. This amount is almost the double of what it was in the February of 2011 stating that the adoption toward the technology is increasing enormously. With the rise in smart electronic devices and the smart and catchy internet deals and the revival of Internet IPO it is believed that 2011 was the most transformative year in terms of technology (Schwartz, 2011). Impacts on Society and Culture: Talking about the societal trends regarding NFC and mobile marketing then according to an article published by CNN 2012 has been claimed as the year of NFC and mobile marketin g (Cashmore, 2011). It was also claimed that the mobile payments and NFC will expand and blossom more in 2013. This defines that the adoption of the trend is growing largely in the world and people are becoming more inclined towards the technology. New methods and techniques are continuously evolving by the technology makers this year following the boom and success of NFC and mobile payments. People in developed countries are more likely to be influenced of the technology while it is

Db3 1 training and development Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Db3 1 training and development - Research Paper Example On the other hand, according to the report of Northern Illinois University (n.d.), summative assessment happens after the learning process is concluded. Hence, it sums up the instruction imparted and gained. The learning at this stage is incidental for e.g. through the conclusion of projects. The consultant should be able to blend technology with his/her work. The best way to do this would be to find the type of automation or software used by the company. This gives the consultant insights into the day-to-day activities of the company. While technology saves time for the company, the consultant can give the company inputs regarding effective use and change in technology in future. Northern Illinois University, Faculty Development and Instructional Design Center. Formative and Summative Assessment. Retrieved from https://www.azwestern.edu/academic_services/instruction/assessment/resources/downloads/formative%20and_summative_assessment.pdf Siebert, S. (2009). Training Validation Methods: A how-to guide for assessing participant learning. Raising Voices. Retrieved from

Using Perceptual Maps in Marketing Simulation Summary Research Paper

Using Perceptual Maps in Marketing Simulation Summary - Research Paper Example The three phases that this marketing simulation summary contains will include a brief discussion of the existing situation, recommending the appropriate solution to tackle the adverse situation, and finally the discussion of the results (Answers n.d). Moreover, we will look at positioning and differentiation and will try to understand the relationship between them. Positioning and differentiation of a product is extremely crucial for success of a marketing plan. Also, we will try to examine what effects does product life cycle has on a marketing plan. Sales growth chart of Cruiser Thorr has negative slope. The motorcycle has done well in the past but now it requires a serious thought. The dedicated customer segment for these cruiser bikes has grown older. So there is obvious change in liking and Cruise Thorr motorcycle is not as appealing to them as it was few years back. Even the younger consumer base for Cruiser Thorr maintains a distance from it because of the price factor. They doubt if Thorr offers proper balance between lifestyle and price that needs to be paid for it. So the purpose of this scenario remains to assess the positioning of Thor in the marketplace over given parameters. These parameters are namely Price, Lifestyle, Services rendered and Quality engineering. Price is the first P of marketing mix and is pivotal in making a buying decision. Wrong or inappropriate pricing could overshadow all other P’s and qualities that a product possesses. Younger consumers were always interested in competitively lower priced motorcycles. Here, an important decision regarding brand dilution is to be made and that what is the appropriate value. Lifestyle image of Cruiser Thorr needs an honest reconsideration. It has already been stated that older consumer cannot live the same way they used to when they were young, so there is shift in their preference when it comes to selecting a motorcycle. Under this parameter important data could be

Psychology and Addiction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Psychology and Addiction - Essay Example Education was not given a priority in Rosa Lee’s growing years. Her mother would prefer that work and chores were done well and schooling was not as important, as she inculcated to Rosa Lee that she would never amount to something more than engaging in domestic work. Rosa Lee felt deprived of play in her childhood, as she needed to chop wood, carry heavy things, scrub a room spotless and cater to her family’s every need. As an adult, being overly clean with the house became her way of coping with stress. Rosa Lee craved for her mother’s approval. Her attempts to be close to her mother were often met with hostility. When she learned to shoplift nice things to offer her mother, she would be reprimanded, but later, as her mother would inspect the merchandize, would throw her arms around her with appreciation. Such acts of intimacy were short-lived, as Rosetta did not hesitate to inflict physical harm at Rosa Lee whenever she displeased her. On the other hand, her father, Earl Wright, an alcoholic had better regard for her and indulged her with whatever coins he can spare for her whenever he was drunk. In school, Rosa Lee felt that her poverty was holding her back from becoming what she was destined to be. In her puberty, she noticed that other children had nice clothes while she wore rags. At this age, the need to belong and be noticed by other children becomes very strong. Her first shoplifting episode was borne out of this desire to be upgraded in terms of fashion. From then on, stealing became a way of life, and she became better and better at it until such time when she managed to subtly slip merchandize in her waiting bag or under her skirt. Rosa Lee fared poorly in school, not realizing that she was a slow learner until she had the unfortunate episode of being thrown out of a class with a teacher she admired. With Mrs. Whitehead, she felt that she was learning, and enjoyed her teaching

Willy Russell portray serious issues Essay Example for Free

Willy Russell portray serious issues Essay He uses Standard English, but with a regional accent. So he fits into the social context of the play. His vocabulary is direct; this symbolises a direct message. His voice is also assertive but he doesnt show any emotion, which shows hes detached from whats going on. Hes dramatically effective because he is entwined in speech and action. The speech sequences between Linda and Mickey are interrupted by the narrator, which shows a dramatic presence. He comes at unexpected and dramatic times, which is engaging for the audience. The director also says shoes upon the table and gypsies in the wood this symbolises a warning and verbally foreshadows the rest of the play. The issue of superstition is portrayed in an entertaining way because the narrator is saying in between speeches. He is slightly menacing; this creates shock to the audience, which engages them. You could say that the narrator is seen like the devil. Comic devices are also used when there were adults dresses as children and they behave in an immature manner. The milkman being the gynaecologist also adds to the humour, from the quote actually Ive given up the milk round and gone into medicine. Im your gynaecologist. From this the audience would subconsciously see the issues in an entertaining way. The humorous language from quotes previously also build up the entertainment and adds to the comic devices they go together well in tandem. Mickey and Linda growing up has a humorous side to it because they deal with small problems, which are humorous. Mickey says I dont wanna die and Linda says But you have to Mickey. Everyone does. Like your twinny died. Mickey here is frightened that Sammy might kill him with a fake air pistol, but Linda calms Mickey down. But as they grow up we see a serious issue of it, like their baby, finances and trying to find a house. A lot of stress comes to Mickey and he says Now give me the tablets I need them, so I can be invisible from that we can see Mickey needs tablets because of the stress, but the last part makes it entertaining, its a sort of joke. There was also light romance between Mickey and Linda, she kept saying I love you Mickey, which was entertaining as Linda had said she loved him when they were children; the romance makes those serious issues between them seem entertaining. The music devices that Willey Russell used also make it entertaining and helps bring the characters to life on stage, the serious issues such as single parents and social class suddenly become entertaining because of these melodies. Willy Russell used music devices effectively to end Act 1 on a positive note. A quote to show this was, Were getting out. Were moving house, Were going away. Getting out today. Were moving movin movin house. The Johnstone had a lot of troubles up to that point, but they were finally moving to the countryside. The positive text and music contributes to the happy atmosphere, the chorus, Oh bright new day, were moving away, were startin all over again. Oh, bright new day, were going away, Where nobodys heard of our name, emphasises the importance of it and shows her happiness. The melody is an upbeat tune, the lyrics say that Oh bright new day, the constant repetition again emphasises the fact that the atmosphere is happy, so the issue of poverty and single parents are subconsciously portrayed in an entertaining way because of the music, melodies and positive text. The happy atmosphere also subconsciously makes the audience generate their expectations, that the next acts would be happy. Different types of songs are used to represent different parts of the play; there were ballads, Tell me its not true, say its just a story, something on the news, Tell me its not true, say its just a dream, for sad parts and lively songs, (from the previous quotes) for light-hearted aspects. The engaging songs and lyrics add to the drama because it is constantly enveloping with serious issues, which is entertaining, hence engaging for the audience. The themes of dancing, like, Oh we went dancing Edward, it was great and waltzing occurs throughout the play to go in tandem with the lively songs to add to the happy atmosphere again to portray the serious issues in an entertaining way. The end of the play deals with a lot of other serious issues in an entertaining approach. There is a lot of action and Mickey going crazy at the end, which is entertaining, this goes in tandem with the murders to portray it in an entertain way. The tension when Mickey was holding the gun also creates suspense for the audience and really engages them. The audience would subconsciously start the denotation to connotation process, as the gun connotes death and violence. Their expectations for the end of the play would be generated. The main issue of murder in the closing scene would be portrayed entertainingly because it was ironic that two twin brothers that were separated at birth eventually die on the same day. The author makes Mickey say You! Why didnt you give me away! I could have been. I could have been him! This shows that Mickey knows he could have been better off if he was in the higher-class family. Subsequently it shows that the Willy Russell thinks that it is class that caused the murder. The authors attitudes towards class are also revealed and justified in the narrators last speech. He trys to persuade the audience into thinking it was class because he stretches the last sentence Or could it be what we, the English come to know it as class? . He ends with a strong rhetorical question talking about class. This rhetorical question is cleverly used because it subconsciously makes us linger on the topic of class, and even be persuaded to think it was class that caused the murders. This reflects the attitudes of the author; he thinks that it was the different social classes mixing that caused the murders. His attitudes to social classes were high. He was concerned, that if people with a different social classes mix then it would spell trouble. In the play of Blood Brothers Willy Russell deals with a lot of serious issues in an entertaining way, this really engages the audience. He virtually engulfs all the serious issues with the entertainment and happy atmosphere, to portray them as entertaining. Our minds subconsciously think about the entertaining side of the issue rather than the serious side. The issues also add to the development of the play, poverty led to social class which eventually led to murder. However he trys to portray the issues in an entertaining way to engage the audience; it makes us feel and think about different aspects of the issues. Take social class for example, Mickey was brought up in a lower class family but probably had more enjoyment in his childhood than Edward. But Edward was not allowed much because of his parents. However when Mickey grew up he didnt have a good education and wasnt taught properly by his mother what was to do and not to do in life. These are different aspects of that issue, which were cleverly shown in an entertaining way by Willy Russell.

Harley Davidson Essay Example for Free

Harley Davidson Essay We fulfill dreams through the experiences of motorcycling, byproviding to motorcyclists and to the general public an expanding lineof motorcycles, branded products and services in selected marketsegments †Vision Statement says: â€Å"Harley-Davidson is an action-oriented, international company, a leaderin its commitment to continuously improve [its] mutually beneficialrelationships with stakeholders (customers, suppliers, employees,shareholders, Government, and society). Harley-Davidson believes thekey to success is to balance stakeholders’ interests through theempowerment of all employees to focus on value-added activities. PROPOSED MISSION To be branded as the best motorcycle available in the world. PROPOSED VISION The best quality motorcycle, motorcycle products and financialservices will be provided world wide is the commitment of Harley-Davidson. Customer satisfaction is our motto and the Harley-Davidson customers can experiencethe taste of reality of motorcycle dreams by relaying their satisfaction on us. Harley-Davidson is dedicated to use the advanced technology to produce the most superior motorcycle in domestic and international markets. Stay competitive and continuegrowth worldwide remain profitable and survive is our philosophy. Employees of Harley-Davidson are the foundation of the company and they are the driving force behind the Harley-Davidson name. The total team effort of Harley-Davidsonemployees is devoted to fulfilling dreams of customers and we believe that there is nota motorcycle riding experience like a Harley-Davidson’s. Excellence is our pushthough our Harley-Davidson bar and shield logo that says superior quality. Honestyand customer loyalty and these morals are the heartbeat of Harley-Davidsonorganization. Harley-Davidson do our part in supporting all environmental laws in every country we do business. Determination and commitment is the place whereHarley-Davidson intends to stay EXTERNAL ANALYSIS PESTLE   Harley-Davidson is one of the most admired and recognizedcompanies in the world today. Academy of Motorcycling for those interested in learning to ride amotorcycle. â€Å"Riders-Edge† the motorcycling academy of Harley-Davidsonintroduced more than 1000 aspiring motorcyclists to the sport in2000. Average purchaser of a U. S Harley-Davidson motorcycle is amarried male in his mid-forties. Average purchasers of a U. S Harley-Davidson have a householdincome of $78,600.   Over two thirds of the sales of Harley-Davidson motorcycles areto buyers with at least one year of education beyond high school.   30% of the Harley-Davidson buyers have college degrees.   Only about 9% of Harley-Davidson U. S retail motorcycles are towomen. Confidence in economy is directly proportional to the purchasingof consumer items.   Repeat business is strong as about 42% of motorcycle purchasershave owned a Harley-Davidson previously. U. S Government and People are considering Harley-Davidson asan American icon.   Opportunities in emerging economies [India, China] but uncertainoperating situations. A new assembly facility opens in Manaus, Brazil, the firstoperations outside of the U. S, reduces taxes, make them moreaffordable to a larger group of Brazilian customers Harley-Davidson is one of the main manufacturer and user of V-ENGINE configuration. Harley-Davidson’s have a wide variety of products according toStandard, Performance, Touring custom. Harley-Davidson is facing some legal problems in Asian countries,in India there is 60% tariff and various other taxes will cause theprice of the bike to double.   Noise pollution and some emission standards of Harley-Davidsonbike is not up to the level of some countries across the globe. Five Forces ? Internal Rivalry. Four major competitors are mainly concentrated on theseheavyweight motorcycle segments: in addition to Harley-Davidson the other three are Yamaha, Suzuki, Honda all are Japanese companies. Some of the major competitors of Harley-Davidson have largerfinancial and marketing resources and are more diversified(Example: Yamaha, half of its revenue is only from motorcycles).   Polaris (American snowmobile/ATV manufacturer) producer of â€Å"Victory† motorcycles priced its motorcycles below the Harley-Davidson motorcycles.   Strategic alliance between Suzuki and Kawazaki in the areas of product development, design, engineering, and manufacturing of motorcycles, this alliance strengthened both companies’ globalmotorcycle businesses.   Honda, the main competitor of Harley-Davidson in U. S eat upsome market share of Harley-Davidson. ? Potential entrants   Entry barrier is very high is this segment, because this segmentneeds a lot of capital investment and the industry is on amaturity stage, so that there is only four main competitors. The economies of scale are low in this segment, which is thereason why there are only four major players.   There is some small scale producers, who are making thesecustom made motor cycles but the amount of their production isnot at all a threat for Harley-Davidson, and they are increasingthe interest of motorcycles among the general public. Substitute products. Harley-Davidson has a wide span of suppliers, so that if onesupplier attempted to increase the price, they can easily switchto the alternate suppliers without any problem in production.. ? Power of Customers   Consumers of Harley-Davidson motorcycles are individualcustomers, so that they can’t seriously affect Harley’s financialposition.   The numbers of dealers around the globe are also less and theyare also dependent to the individual customers, that can’t affectHarley-Davidson’s financial position. OPPORTUNITIES ? The European demand for Harley Davidson is the highest in theinternational market and represents the single largest motorcyclemarket in the world. Women and younger riders are increasing becoming interested inbikes ? The international heavy weight market is growing and is nowlarger than the U. S. heavyweight market ? Market share increasing in Europe and Asia for the last two years ? Increasing demand in US markets for bikes ? Customers value quality parts THREAT ? Harleys ongoing capacity restraints caused a shortage supply anda loss in domestic market share in recent years ? Harleys average buying age is 42 years old and increasing? The European Union’s motorcycles noise standards are morestringent than those of Environmental Protection Agencies in theU. S and increased environmental stand ? Some competitors of Harley Davidson have larger financial andmarketing resources and they are more diversified ? Environmental protection laws ? Buell division needs to continue to produce a quality motorcycleunder Harley’s brand name. EFE MATRIX Key external factorsWeightRatingWeightedscoreOPPORTUNITIES The European demand for Harley Davidson is the highestin the international market and represents the singlelargest motorcycle market in the world 0. 1540. 6 The international heavy weight market is growing and isnow larger than the U. S. heavyweight market 0. 1540. 6 Women and younger riders are increasing becominginterested in bikes 0. 130. 3 Market share increasing in Europe and Asia for the last twoyears 0. 130. 3 Increasing demand in US markets for bikes 0. 120. 2 Customers value quality parts 0. 02510. 025 THREAT Harleys ongoing capacity restraints caused a shortagesupply and a loss in domestic market share in recentyears 0. 1540. 6 Harleys average buying age is 42 years old and increasing 0. 130. 3 The European Union’s motorcycles noise standards aremore stringent than those of Environmental ProtectionAgencies in the U. S and increased environmental stand 0. 02530. 075 Some competitors of Harley Davidson have larger financialand marketing resources and they are more diversified 0. 02520. 05 Environmental protection laws 0. 02540. 1 Buell division needs to continue to produce a qualitymotorcycle under Harley’s brand name 0. 0510. 05 TOTAL 1 3. 2 CPM HARLEYHONDAYAMAHACRITICALSUCCESSFACTORSWeightRatingWeightedScoreWeightRatingWeightedScoreWeightRatingWeightedScore Advertising 0. 1540. 60. 230. 60. 1540. 6 Product Quality 0. 1540. 60. 0530. 150. 02530. 075 PriceCompetitiveness 0. 110. 10. 1530. 450. 2530. 75 Management 0. 02530. 0750. 0340. 120. 0520. 1 FinancialPosition 0. 120. 20. 1440. 560. 33531. 005 Customer Loyalty 0. 1540. 60. 0620. 120. 1520. 3 GlobalExpansion 0. 02530. 0750. 0540. 20. 0230. 06 Market Share 0. 320. 60. 3230. 960. 0220. 04 TOTAL1 2. 851 3. 161 2. 9 Inventory Turnover = Sales / Inventory of finished goods=4624/208=22. 23Fixed Assets Turnover = Sales / Fixed Assets=4624/2194=2. 10 Total Assets Turnover = Sales / Total Assets=4624/4923 =0. 93Accounts Receivables Turnover = Annual Credit Sales / Accountsreceivable=4624/1114=4. 15Average Collection Period = Accounts Receivables / (Total creditsales/365)=1114/(4624/365)=1114/12. 66=87. 99 PROFITABILITY RATIOS Gross Profit Margin = (Sales – COGS) / Sales=(4624-3070)/4624=1554/4624=0. 34Operating Profit Margin = EBIT / Sales=1149/4624=0. 25Net Profit Margin = Net Income / Sales =761/4624= 0. 16Return on Total Assets ( ROA ) = Net Income / Total Assets= 761 / 4923= 0. 15Return on Equity ( ROE ) = Net income / Total Stock holdersequity = 761 / 2958= 0. 26Earnings Per share (EPS) = Net income / Total stock holdersequity = 761 / 302= 2. 519Price Earning ratio =Market price per share/Earningper share=39. 11/2. 519=15. 526Growth ratioSales=Annual % growth in total sales=(4624-4091)*100/4091=13. 029Net income=Annual % growth in profits=(760-580)*100/580=31. 034 STRENGTHS ? Net income of 2003 was $760mn, its more than 30% ascompared to the previous year 2002. ? The standard and performance segments of Harley Davidsonmake up 70% of the European heavy weight motorcycle market ? Harley-Davidson operates in two segments: Harley-Davidsonmotorcycles related products and HDFS (Harley-DavidsonFinancial Services). ? Harley-Davidson is the only major American heavyweightmotorcycle manufacturer. ? Strong brand name. ? The HOG (Harley Owners Group), which have a 7,50,000members world wide is the industry’s largest company sponsoredmotorcycle enthusiast organization. ? Buell Riders Adventure Group (BRAG) was also formed recent ? Customization of the bikes, this is Harley-Davidson’s majorrevenue maker. ? Harley-Davidson have a good marketing division and its dividedas dealer promotions, customer events, magazine and direct-mailadvertising, and public relations. WEAKNESS ? High price ? Harley-Davidson has problems in gaining more market share insome European countries (That’s one of the main markets forHeavyweight motorcycles outside U. S). ? They didn’t yet start its sales in India, one of the biggest markets. ? Required production is not met, analyzing the future of Heavyweight motorcycle market IFE MATRIX STRATEGY RECOMMENDATION IMPLEMENTATION: ? MARKET PENETRATION ? Get some more market share from the existing market, like U. S,U. K, and Japan etc through more marketing techniques likeadvertising. Harley-Davidson has a good brand name so it’s easyfor them to eat up the competitor market share if they canprovide some more customer benefit. ? Competition is high in this segment mostly in U. S so marketpenetration can be a good choice for the company. ? Expand the HOG (Harley Owners Group) to Asian countries, if thecompany can provide the customer satisfaction that they areproviding to the U. S customers to the Asian customers they canincrease the sales. ? PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT ? Younger generation and female are now coming to this segmentso expand the motor cycle segments to younger generation andfemales. ? In Europe they can increase or expand the Buell’s market shareby introducing new motorcycles. ? MARKET DEVELOPMENT.

Analysis of G-Protein Coupled Receptor 12

Analysis of G-Protein Coupled Receptor 12 ABSTRACT: G-Protein Coupled Receptor 12 (GPR12) belongs to the orphan GPCR family which is the same of the GPR3 and GPR6. Homology model for the protein GPR12 was generated from the SWISS-MODEL website which showed an all alpha motif with seven transmembrane ÃŽÂ ± -helix interconnected by loops. GPR12 acts through the cyclic Adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway and promotes neurite outgrowth in primary neurons which can be used to slow down the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The gene of GPR12 is located in the chromosome 13q12.13 for human, 12p11 for rat and 5; 5 G3 for a mouse with the size of 5.6 kbp, 3.4 kbp, and 4.3 kbp. Four current ongoing clinical trials studies on GPR12 was found on clinicaltrials.gov. G-Protein Coupled Receptor 12 (GPR12) belongs to the orphan GPCR family which is the same of the GPR3 and GPR6 (Ignatov et al., 2003a; Ignatov et al., 2003b). GPR 12 family members are constitutively activated and initiate the cAMP signaling cascades (Ignatov et al., 2003a). It is reported that GPR12 promote neurite extension in primary neurons (Ignatov et al., 2003a). The sequence identity of GPR12 is similar to GPCR S1P5 by 34%, GPR3 by 57% and GPR6 by 58% (Ignatov et al., 2003a; Ignatov et al., 2003b). Hence, it is hypothesized that the orphan receptors might share common ligands and also have similar physiological functions (Uhlenbrock et al., 2002; Tanaka et al., 2007). GPR12 has a high binding affinity towards Sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) (Uhlenbrock et al., 2002). GPR 12 also binds with Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)   with low affinity (Uhlenbrock et al., 2002). GPR12 family members are constantly activated and cAMP downstream signaling cascades initiated (Uhlenbro ck et al., 2002; Ignatov et al., 2003a). This persistent activation promotes neurite extension in primary neurons (Tanaka et al., 2007). GPR12 belongs to the orphan GPCR family which is the same of the GPR3 and GPR6 (Ignatov et al., 2003a; Ignatov et al., 2003b). According to Horn et al., GPR12 belongs to the  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   GPCRs, Class A Rhodopsin-like subfamily with all other Orphan GPCR receptors (Horn et al., 2003). 2.1. Structure: A search was conducted for GPR12 in the RCSB protein data bank to identify the protein structure of G-Protein Coupled Receptor 12. There were no matches found in the search which is shown in figure 1.   Hence, a Homology model for the protein was generated from the SWISS-MODEL website, 27.41% sequence identity was indicated for Cannabinoid receptor 1 (Flavodoxin). Flavodoxin, Cannabinoid receptor one was chosen as the template, and a 3D structural model was generated for GPR12 from the template which is shown in the figures 2a and 2b. The GMQE (Global Model Quality Estimation) and Q-Mean value for the generated protein 0.56 and -4.28. The generated protein showed an all alpha motif with seven transmembrane ÃŽÂ ± -helix interconnected by loops forming four extracellular topological domains and four cytoplasmic topological domains. The alignment of protein sequence between Human GPR12 and GPR12 of other species like mouse and rat showed very less variation which indicates the protein is conserved between these species(UniProtKB; UniProtKB; UniProtKB). The protein alignment is shown in figure 3. 2.2. Pathway: According to Horn et al., GPR12 belongs to the  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   GPCRs, Class A Rhodopsin-like subfamily with all other Orphan GPCR receptors (Horn et al., 2003). GPR12 acts through the cyclic Adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway (Tanaka et al., 2007). Since, GPR12 is an orphan receptor where its natural ligand is unknown (Ignatov et al., 2003a). When the ligand such as S1P or SPC binds to the GPR12, the G-Protein gets activated due to the binding of GTP (Ignatov et al., 2003a). Thus, G-Protein activates Adenylate cyclase which converts the Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into cAMP, and the cAMP activates Protein Kinase A (Ignatov et al., 2003a). The Activated Protein Kinase A activates the cellular reaction such as neurite extension in primary neurons (Ignatov et al., 2003a). [Refer figure 4] 2.3. Gene and Evolutionary aspects of GPR12: The alignment of protein sequence between Human GPR12 and GPR12 of other species like mouse and rat showed very less variation which indicates the protein is conserved between these species (UniProtKB; UniProtKB; UniProtKB). The protein alignment is shown in figure 3. The gene location of GPR12 in the chromosomes locus is nearly the same for human and rat, but it is different in mouse (NCBI-Gene; NCBI-Gene; NCBI-Gene). The gene of GPR12 is located in the chromosome 13q12.13 for human, 12p11 for rat and 5; 5 G3 for mouse (NCBI-Gene; NCBI-Gene; NCBI-Gene). The GPR12 gene contains two exons in humans, three exons in rat and three exons in Mouse separating the intron sequence and the evolutionary association of the gene sequence of GPR12 between the species and between GPCR family is shown in figure 5a and 5b (NCBI-Gene; NCBI-Gene; NCBI-Gene). The GPR12 gene size for a human is 5.6 kbp, for rat it is 3.4 kbp, and for the mouse, it is 4.3 kbp (NCBI-Gene; NCBI-Gene; NCBI-Gene; Stevens et a l., 2013). GPR12 mutant mice showed an effect in their emotionality was affected due to the mutation in GPR12 which was no significant change   (Frank et al., 2012). GPR12 overexpressed in neurons upregulate cAMP levels and promotes neurite outgrowth in primary neurons which can be used to slow down the progression of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons   disease, Huntingtons disease, etc. (Tanaka et al., 2007). GPR12 is also involved in the regulation of cell survival and cell proliferation which may vary during the diseased condition which causes astrocytes to proliferate at a faster rate and results in inflammation (Lu et al., 2012). A search was done for G-Protein coupled receptor 12 on clinicaltrails.gov website which showed four current ongoing clinical trials studies on GPR12. The studies were different from each other such as Platelet reactivity (ClinicalTrials.gov), Stoke (ClinicalTrials.gov), Metastatic Lung Adenocarcinomas (ClinicalTrials.gov) and Migraine (ClinicalTrials.gov). GPR12 belongs to the  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   GPCRs, Class A Rhodopsin-like subfamily with all other Orphan GPCR receptors. The gene coding for GPR12 is conserved between Humans, Rats, and Mouse which indicates the existence of similar roles and function in these three animals. GPR12 is still in the stages of primary research where its structure, signaling pathways, function, and roles are still waiting to be found. GPR12 has recently assumed to be associated with Neural disorders and diseases. Clinical trials have been successfully conducted for GPR12 for many diseases one of which is depression. References: ClinicalTrials.gov Is There a Transient Rebound Effect of Platelet Reactivity Following Cessation of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Ticagrelor a Single Center Prospective Observational Trial. Journal, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02808039?term=G-Protein%2BCoupled%2BReceptor%2B12recr=Openrank=1, January 25, 2017. ClinicalTrials.gov Platelet Reactivity in Acute Non-disabling Cerebrovascular Events (PRINCE). Journal, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02506140?term=G-Protein+Coupled+Receptor+12recr=Openrank=2, January 25, 2017. ClinicalTrials.gov Retrospective Analysis of the Expression of the Neurotensin Receptor by Metastatic Lung Adenocarcinomas (NTS). Journal, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02891733?term=G-Protein%2BCoupled%2BReceptor%2B12recr=Openrank=4, January 25, 2017. ClinicalTrials.gov Ticagrelor Therapy for RefrACTORy Migraine Study (TRACTOR). Journal, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02518464?term=G-Protein%2BCoupled%2BReceptor%2B12recr=Openrank=3, January 25, 2017. Frank, E., Wu, Y., Piyaratna, N., Body, W.J., Snikeris, P., South, T., Gerdin, A.K., Bjursell, M., Bohlooly, Y.M., Storlien, L. Huang, X.F. (2012) Metabolic parameters and emotionality are little affected in G-protein coupled receptor 12 (Gpr12) mutant mice. PLoS One, 7, e42395. Horn, F., Bettler, E., Oliveira, L., Campagne, F., Cohen, F.E. Vriend, G. (2003) GPCRDB information system for G protein-coupled receptors. Nucleic acids research, 31, 294-297. Ignatov, A., Lintzel, J., Hermans-Borgmeyer, I., Kreienkamp, H.-J., Joost, P., Thomsen, S., Methner, A. Schaller, H.C. (2003a) Role of the G-protein-coupled receptor GPR12 as high-affinity receptor for sphingosylphosphorylcholine and its expression and function in brain development. Journal of Neuroscience, 23, 907-914. Ignatov, A., Lintzel, J., Kreienkamp, H.-J. Chica Schaller, H. (2003b) Sphingosine-1-phosphate is a high-affinity ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor GPR6 from mouse and induces intracellular Ca2+ release by activating the sphingosine-kinase pathway. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 311, 329-336. Lu, X., Zhang, N., Meng, B., Dong, S. Hu, Y. (2012) Involvement of GPR12 in the regulation of cell proliferation and survival. Mol Cell Biochem, 366, 101-110. NCBI-Gene Gpr12 G-protein coupled receptor 12 [Mus musculus (house mouse)] Gene NCBI. Journal, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/14738, January/25/2017. NCBI-Gene GPR12 G protein-coupled receptor 12 [Homo sapiens (human)] Gene NCBI. Journal, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2835, January/25/2017. NCBI-Gene Gpr12 G protein-coupled receptor 12 [Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)] Gene NCBI. Journal, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/80840, January/25/2017. Stevens, R.C., Cherezov, V., Katritch, V., Abagyan, R., Kuhn, P., Rosen, H. Wuthrich, K. (2013) The GPCR Network: a large-scale collaboration to determine human GPCR structure and function. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 12, 25-34. Tanaka, S., Ishii, K., Kasai, K., Yoon, S.O. Saeki, Y. (2007) Neural expression of G protein-coupled receptors GPR3, GPR6, and GPR12 up-regulates cyclic AMP levels and promotes neurite outgrowth. J Biol Chem, 282, 10506-10515. Uhlenbrock, K., Gassenhuber, H. Kostenis, E. (2002) Sphingosine 1-phosphate is a ligand of the human gpr3, gpr6 and gpr12 family of constitutively active G protein-coupled receptors. Cellular signalling, 14, 941-953. UniProtKB GPR12 G-protein coupled receptor 12 Homo sapiens (Human) GPR12 gene protein. Journal, http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P47775, January 25, 2017. UniProtKB Gpr12 G-protein coupled receptor 12 Mus musculus (Mouse) Gpr12 gene protein. Journal, http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P35412, January 25, 2017. UniProtKB Gpr12 G-protein coupled receptor 12 Rattus norvegicus (Rat) Gpr12 gene protein. Journal, http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P30951, January 25, 2017. Figure 1: No structure was found for the protein GPR12 in RCSB Protein data bank. Figure 2a: Side view of the GPR12 structure which was generated by SWISS-MODEL. The protein is showing an all alpha motif with seven transmembrane ÃŽÂ ± -helix interconnected by loops forming four extracellular topological domains and four cytoplasmic topological domains. Figure 2b: Top view of the GPR12 structure which was generated by SWISS-MODEL. The protein is showing an all alpha motif with seven transmembrane ÃŽÂ ± -helix interconnected by loops forming four extracellular topological domains and four cytoplasmic topological domains. Figure 3: GPR12 protein alignment for the species Human, mouse and rat generated from ClustalW. * (asterisk) indicates positions which have a single, fully conserved residue, : (colon) indicates conservation between groups of strongly similar residue properties, . (period) indicates conservation between groups of weakly similar residue properties. Figure 4: GPR12 proteins complete intracellular signaling pathway Figure 5a: Phylogenetic/evolutionary tree of GPCR family members (Stevens et al., 2013) Figure 5b: Phylogenetic/evolutionary tree of GPR12 showing evolutionary difference between human, rat, and mouse   Ã‚   G-Protein Coupled Receptor (GPR12) Protein Agonist Antagonist Sphingosine-1-phosphate Suramin Sphingosyl-phosphocholine Table 1: GPR12 agonist and antagonist with structure and name

Crtitical Thinking & Language Essay -- essays research papers

Our eyes met across the crowded lawn and instantly the dark clouds parted sending rays of light over his hard chiseled body. His steel arms, charcoal hair, and stealth waist made my knees buckle beneath me. All other sounds ceased and a peaceful melody played inside my soul as we slowly began to make our way toward one another. The unspeakable power of his eagle eyes cut into the dark depths of my soul. The tender touch between us sent shards of electricity through my receptive body. A jolt of excitement sent my thoughts soaring to the cold dark depths of despair. The monster of my heart opened the floodgates of past memories painfully stretching the uncultivated areas of my heart. His tender touch began to unravel the secret stranded within. Mending of our wounds began as two bodies entwined in unbridled love beneath a molten moon. The eternal strength of two hearts sealed with the offering of a single ring placed upon her left hand. Thought and language diversity is at the core of the human experience. Are we smart because we have language or do we have language because we're smart? Does the way we talk influence the way we think? Do people who speak different languages think differently? How about people who speak more than one language or those who cannot speak any language? The answers to these questions may be complicated but we can try to make sense of them by using critical thinking. The importance of language is immense; I believe that the more languag...

Reasons vs. Causes :: essays research papers

Reasons vs. Causes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reasons tell us why we ought to believe (do) something. Causes tell us why we in fact do believe (do something). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reasons are normative, causes are factual. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reasons justify, causes explain. (Caution: the terms here are imprecise, and we use terms such as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"explanationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"reasonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in different ways than just outlined.) Example. Suppose I say: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“I believe that there are no triangles.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? You say à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Why do you believe that?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? You can be either asking for the cause of my belief or (more likely in this case) for my reasons for believing it. Suppose that you are interested in the explanation of why (as a matter of fact) I hold the belief. I may tell you (truthfully) that I hold this belief because my father told me so (perhaps kept saying so), so I kind of have come to hold the belief by default, as it were. In doing so I make no pretense to argue that this is a reason à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" I may in fact believe that my father holds many false beliefs. I am only claiming that as a matter of fact this is how I came to believe that there are no triangles. Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ve told you what the cause is, not what my reasons are. Suppose that you are interested in the justification of my belief. You want to know why a(ny) rational person should think that there are no triangles. Prima facie, you might add, there are reasons to believe quite the contrary. Look around you à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" there are triangles everywhere. And, you might cinch your argument by drawing one like that: There is at least one triangle. This one (you point). And you can draw others . . . So, triangles exist! (Here is what I will say to you and what I will say to you will provide a reason for my believing that there are no triangles:) The problem is that no matter how perfect your triangle might appear, it never will conform to the standards of geometrical definition of a triangle. The sides of this triangle are not fragments of a straight line (if you look closely, the segments will turn out not to be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“straightà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? at all but rugged. No matter how precise your instruments will be, when you get further and furthe r down to the atomic level, you will have swarming electrons not straight lines! And if you sum the angles, they are not going to be exactly 180 °.

Canadian Blood Services IMC Essay

INTRODUCTION â€Å"Oscar Wilde once said that youth is wasted on the young. But investing in the future, the leaders of tomorrow, is more than just good business sense – it’s a necessity for survival and success† – Dr. Graham Sher, CEO of Canadian Blood Services (Pulse Magazine, 2012). Canadian Blood Services is a not-for-profit organization that operates across Canada, excluding Quebec. The objective of Canadian Blood Services is to encourage and receive blood donations through safe and secure methods to help Canadians who need blood transfusions (Canadian Blood Services, 2013). There is an increasing need for blood and blood donations across Canada. Of the current Canadian population, â€Å"the baby boomer generation remains the most loyal in terms of donating blood, while younger generations are significantly less likely to donate on a frequent basis† (Renwick-Shields, 2013). As the baby boomers age, Canadian Blood Services must find new ways to reach the you nger generations, including the fastest growing segment, the Millennials. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION How can Canadian Blood Services increase the number of BC Millennial whole blood donors by 20,000 by March 31, 2015? The target number of donors is based on the previous years’ statistics of Millennial donations (age 17-34), according the Canadian Blood Services data provided (Bird, 2014a). The target number is a percentage of half the total Millennial population of BC in 2012, as typically only half the population is eligible to donate (Renwick-Shields, 2013). The problem statement is specific to BC as a test market. The timeline is based on Canadian Blood Services’ fiscal year, beginning April 1, 2014 and ending March 31, 2015. KEY FINDINGS According to Canadian Blood Services, on average, every 60 seconds, someone in Canada requires blood or a blood product (2013). The demand for blood is not subsiding, increasing at a steady rate of 2% per year (Canadian Blood Services, 2013). To be an eligible donor, volunteers must meet many stringent requirements, including a minimum age of 17, sufficient levels of iron and hemoglobin in blood, and disclosure of health and travel history.

The importance of the pop video in promoting and marketing the work of pop stars or bands

Explain the importance of the pop video in promoting and marketing the work of pop stars or bands. Refer briefly to the development of genre over time. Music videos are an important marketing tool for the music artists and their record labels, offering a huge amount of visibility that can be cheaply and swiftly put into a wide range of television programmes. An interesting or memorable video can also enhance the popularity of the song, causing it to become an even bigger success and therefore selling more copies of the song, as with AHA- Take on me. Their song sank without a trace until released with a great video, making an astounding comeback. The pop video also means that instead of having to listen for new bands on the radio or from friends, you can watch for them on the television. There are many channels now thriving from the business of pop videos, such as MTV, giving artists permanent places to be seen and heard, therefore selling more music. One of the early pop videos was bohemian rhapsody by queen, being just them on stage with some digitally added features also. But now as the genre has evolved, so has the video aspect, with special effects, famous movie directors and time and money being used. Thriller by Michael Jackson has a short movie which cost i700000 to make, but sold 50000000 copies. 205 words Analyse the appeal of a specific pop/rock video as a marketing tool for the record company, you might like to explore: who owns the record company the artists' record is released on; how the video was commissioned and made; how the video fits in the marketplace in which it was released; where the video has been shown. Blur – coffee and T. V. was written and sung by the band's guitarist Graham coxon. This video helps market the song to the targeted audience (teens), using an interesting animated milk carton. Although the song is about a lost son, and the family looking for him, it's made less realistic and therefore less boring by substituting the milk carton for a person. Teens can relate more easily to a cartoon, and something quirky and original like this becomes a sensation fast, leaving the video and song as a must-see, must-have! This video is further aimed towards teens by showing it on modern music channels (MTV, kerrang, etc). The record is released on EMI, a record company owned by Thorn EMI, which is also interested in lighting, retail outlets, computer software and appliances. Interesting and memorable videos can be a much better marketing tool than the song can, such as coffee and T. V. where it's a mini story, with a beginning, middle and end. You can see this as it still makes sense with no song. The video in this case made the song so popular that it was released as a single the same year it was released on album. Further proving just how a video can make all the difference in earnings for the record company. Even with the popularity of the video and song though, blur is promoted and represented with little reference to the company itself, only a mention at the beginning of the song under the name. But this doesn't matter as long as the video is seen by lots of people. This video was a real hit because of the aspect of being free, and away from home for teens, and also the cute, everyday item with life of its own – this became a sensation across Britain. 01 words Create a hand- drawn or photo story board for a pop video, focusing on the key moments rather than every line of the lyrics. You should imagine you have been commissioned by a record company: you could include the brief given by the company and your evaluation of the finished product, focusing on how successful a marketing tool you think your video will be. I think that my video will be a successful marketing tool for the song it will accompany. This is because the target audience will be teens, and the video features a real- life teen scenario. It's about the struggle of a boy trying to get a girl he likes to notice him, and eventually they ‘fall in love'. This will appeal to teens as it's their age group shown, but also because it shows a very real situation, and brings forward one of the biggest parts of a teen's life; dating. This will interest teens as it's something they can relate to, and an interesting topic that could possibly help them with dating. The close- ups in the video take us almost into the mind of the character, and as we only let people we trust get that close, they make for an intimate shot. This is an attention-grabbing shot and makes you concentrate on the video. Also, split screen is used to show what each character is doing at the same time, i. e. there is one where they are passing each other, and you can see both their faces. These shots are interesting also, as you get 2 different points of view, showing the ‘first indications' of romance in one case. The rest of the video is basically long and medium shots of the characters going about their lives, with the boy in love with this girl. This supports the lyrics, and echoes them in a visual image that will help the song tenfold by providing an interesting video. This will stick in the minds of teens for the reason that it's part of their lives. I think this easy to understand, and relate-to love- flick video will help teens feel involved in the artists songs, therefore boosting sales.

Inquisitorial System

When talking bout parliament, we will imagine the debate between MSP regarding political issues as this situation is shown by the media but they are not aware of the real functions of parliament that is to enact law and they don't even make their own research about the parliament. This research is focusing on the publics awareness of the structures and functions of the Malaysian parliament. This research will attempt to distinguish the awareness of the parliamentary issues between Arts and Sciences programmer students. Malaysia practices Parliamentary Democracy and Constitutional Monarchy. The Parliamentary system is the system where the representative of each respective area discusses among them regarding any current issues that arise in Malaysia. Parliament of Malaysia consists of 292 members.Malaysia has three branches of power which are executive, legislative and Judiciary and parliament is under the legislative branch that acts as legislature which enacts laws. The comparison be tween the Malaysian Parliament and other nations is that the proceeding process in our parliament still in normal condition which can be classified as safe compared to others like Taiwan where the proceeding in their parliament has to be postponed cause of fighting between the two parties in the parliament hall. Same goes to Ukraine when both parties fight among them and as a result debates and discussions cannot be continued and public matters cannot be deliberated on.In Romania their situation goes a little bit worse than others not because of the parties fight but because of the suicide attempt in their parliament hall. As an introduction, this research will focus on observing the knowledge between arts programs and sciences programs students. The verdict for this project is the arts program students are more concerned about the parliamentary system in Malaysia marred to sciences program students. Although the objective of this research is to distinguish the knowledge of the arts students and sciences students regarding the Malaysian Parliament, but it also to provide extra knowledge to certain students who have no idea regarding the parliamentary system in Malaysia.On the other hand, it also enhances the students' patriotism and also builds a new generation with a good knowledge of Malaysian parliament that will hopefully lead to producing good future leaders. ARTICLE SUMMARY The Doctrine of Ministerial Responsibility in Malaysia: Theory and Practice in a New Regime of Parliamentary Accountability There are some Members of Parliament (MSP) accountable as minister in Malaysia Cabinet; so, these people have two separate tasks; there is, first, the individual responsibility towards his people that he represented, and second, the collective responsibility in the government. Nevertheless, it is clear that their act is highly influenced by their political background and political parties in making decision; for example, during debating and voting process in orde r to pass a new bill or taxes.So the study of the accountability of Minister which is also MM is vital in order to tell the citizen the rower that he/she has when sit in both position. Individual ministerial responsibility states that a Minister is responsible for every action of his department. It would thus appear that ‘responsible' in this context has a rather strong meaning than in the context of collective responsibility. L In that context, it amounts to little more than an obligation than to defend and support government policy. On the other hand, reference also should be made to the two types of responsibility in example individual responsibility for policy and administration and individual responsibility or personal conduct.The division is necessary while faced with question such as: should Minister resign simply because ‘something went wrong in their department? Or should the Minister quit on the basis of personal behavior like a sex scandal? As we can see the s cenario in Malaysia in the case of Dates Series Chartist Bad Jail quits as a Minister due to her MFC scandals (bribery) which involved her family and herself. 2 Is her decision to leave his position is relevant? In my opinion, her decision is significant because a Minister shall be responsible for her personal conduct such s sincerely and honesty. Secondly, Collective ministerial responsibility emphasizes on the unanimity of government and its responsibility to parliament.The convention requires that all ministers be Jointly responsible as a team to parliament; individual ministers may not in public express views that contradict a government policy; and should be no criticisms from the decisions in public; thus convention requires that all Ministers are bound by the decisions that are taken or recommended in Cabinet and that Cabinet discussions must remain. Hence, whatever the origin of the doctrine of ministerial responsibility, the doctrine has been incorporated into the Constitut ion. 3 In conclusion, we can point out that there is vagueness on occasion as to the distinction between the two types of accountability which are both closely related and also complementary to one another. This in return has made it really difficult to address or deal with the issue of effectiveness of ministerial responsibility.Take for instance the convention that a Minister who is seriously criticized in Parliament must resign, has not taken hold because the government usually rallies behind a Minister who is being criticized in Parliament. On such an occasion, collective responsibility seems to defeat the notion of individual responsibility. The convention of collective responsibility thus becomes important in achieving party solidarity but it tends to prevent the full operation of the convention of individual responsibility. To sum up, every single matter that concluded in the parliament is always been effected by party's constitutions and policies, thus the opposition can do nothing if they have different agenda and opinion to be arise and pass.Parliamentary Privilege and Its Practice in Malaysia: An Overview Parliamentary privilege is to provide the necessary remarks in which Parliament in its corporate capacity and its members as individuals can fulfill their responsibilities to the citizens whom they represent and not to protect individual Member of Parliament (MSP). 4 Under the Malaysian Federal Constitution, there are certain articles that mention about parliamentary privileges. For example, art 63 which states that the validity of any proceedings in Parliament shall not be questioned by court. 5 Apart from art 63, art 72 can also be referred to in which it provides the same validity of proceedings in the Legislative Assembly. Despite, as parliamentary privilege does not mean to protect individual MSP, art 63(4) is an exception. To implement Justice, these privileges shall not apply to any person charged with an offence.One of the privileges of Hou ses of Parliament is right to regulate its own internal proceedings/immunity from Judicial proceeding. Article 63(1) of Federal Constitution together with art 63(2) provides that the court cannot interfere any proceedings in Parliament as well as not liable to any proceedings regarding anything said or any vote given by Members of Parliament . Another privilege is decision as to disqualification. In this particular item, as refer to art 53(1) of the Federal Constitution states that if a member of a Parliament is disqualified, the decision shall be taken as final. There is no need for the Parliament to bring the case to the court as they have their own power.Next is freedom of speech and debate. In the article, it is said that, â€Å"its essence is that no penal or coercive action should be taken against members for what is said or done in Parliament†. 6 The protection applies to activities taken in course of or in connection with parliamentary proceedings. It must also be not ed that this privilege is not personal in nature. Lastly is the freedom from arrest. In United Kingdom, this privilege does exist, but in Malaysia, no distinction in nature of the offence whether it is civil or criminal. If means rear, or the intention to commit the crime is there, no person shall be protected under this such privilege.Although these privileges are considered necessary for the proper functioning of Parliament and for the full execution of its powers, it is undeniable fact that the practice of parliamentary privilege in Malaysia faces a lot of challenges due to the fact that by asserting special owners and immunities for Parliament as a whole. And for its Members individually, Parliament throws around itself a cloak of protection which provides rights and immunities not accorded to individual citizens. In other words, when certain class of individuals are given special benefits as opposed to other class or classes of people. Issues of violations of rights and discrim ination are bound to arise. This is particularly the case of Malaysia where there is a written constitution and fundamental rights are given pride place at the same time. Hence, the following are some of the challenges facing the operation of parliamentary privileges in Malaysia.Conclusively, this research helps people to know about the operation of parliamentary privileges among members of Parliament in Malaysia but it might be limited knowledge to certain people only. Thus, it is much safer if the researcher is asking the basic question about the membership. The Legislative Jurisdiction of the Federal Parliament in Matters Involving Islamic Law In this article, the writer discusses about the capacity of the federal parliament to enact laws where such laws encompass Islamic laws is with the state legislature and not with the federal parliament. There was a dispute arose when the federal reliant passed the system of Islamic banking and tactful which automatically shake the authority of the state legislature that has full authority to enact Islamic laws.Article 73 defines the Jurisdictional scope of the laws made by parliament and the legislature, with the federal laws having application over the whole or any part of the Federation and, where appropriate, outside it and States laws having authority only in the whole or any part of the State. 9 Thus, the power of the parliament is higher than the state legislative but in this case, it involve the Islamic laws which infuse the writer which types of legislature need to get involve either the parliament or the state legislature. In Federal Constitution, there are several articles that related with this case which explained in detail the role of the legislature. In Article 77 the legislature of a state shall have power to make laws with respect to any matter not enumerated in any of the Lists set out in the Ninth Schedule, not being a matter in respect which parliament has power to make laws. 0 Then the Article 75 e xplained if any State law is inconsistent with a federal law, the federal law shall reveal and the state law shall, to the extent of the inconsistency, be void. Al As to solve this case, the Judge refers to the Article 74 of Federal Constitution that consist the three lists. List I is the Federal List, List II is the State List and List Ill is the Concurrent List. For this case, it involve the Federal List and the State List as both lists need to be understand in detailed in order to distinguish their roles and importantly to solve this case. In Federal List, it has been stated that banking is within their role and in State List only stated that it govern only personal and family law matters of Muslims.In conclusion, the authority of the parliament in Islamic banking has been proved as matters such as banking (including Islamic banking), insurance (including tactful) and companies are in the Federal list and therefore the Federal Parliament has the Jurisdiction to enact laws to gove rn this matters. Parliament has the authority under the constitution to enact Islamic law in respect of all matters (including Islamic law and tactful) save those matters reserved for the States in List II. The matters covered by List II are only those that relate to Islamic personal law. This case increase our knowledge on the function and the structure of the Parliamentary system in Malaysia as for this case it gives clear view to us about the different of legislative jurisdiction between Parliament and State Legislative.Lastly, it help us to understand in deep regarding the advantages and disadvantages of the Parliament in Malaysia which in normal situation as to compare with others like Romania, Taiwan and Ukraine that within critical situation. RESEARCH OUTCOMES / ANALYSIS Background This research was conducted according to stream which was between Science students and Art students in CIFS Ill-KM. The purpose why we carried out this research is to distinguish the general knowle dge between these two groups in the field of Parliamentary System in Malaysia. We had distributed 25 survey forms for each programmer. In order to ease our research we divided the questions into 3 types, which were Definition I. E. A Bill is a draft law, Functions ‘e the function of Parliament is to enact law, and Membership of Parliament I. E. A member of Dean Engage is a Senator.Figure 1 : Graph on Analysis on the awareness of Parliamentary issues according to stream based on Definition questions. This type of questions covered he term that used in Parliament such as Bill. Basically, only the art students know about this question because they learnt this in class. While the science students may know this if they read papers and magazines. Based on the data above, 18 students from Art programmer tend to answer correctly whereas only 12 students from Science program know the right answer. It is clearly that 72% of art students answer it right. On the other hand, only 48% get t he right answer while majority (58%) of them failed this question.In the nut shell, Science students do not concern and do not even know about our fundamental Parliamentary System. In an article from thetas, it said that â€Å"Malaysian tend to read less as they grow older, according to Malaysian National Library director-general Dates Raisin ABA Baker . â€Å"12 Besides that, the second Deputy Speaker of Ghana Parliament, Proof. Aaron Michael Quays, has called on students in the country to inculcate the habit of reading themselves, to improve on their knowledge base. According to Proof. Quays, it was only through reading that one could acquire knowledge, in order to be part of the changing world. 13 From the two sources, it is proven that the awareness of Malaysian aboutParliament is low because reading is the key to knowledge but as Malaysian grow older, they tend to read less. It can also be assumed that if they did not learn it in class, they have no effort to read it and to s earch about it by themselves. Figure 2 : Graph on Analysis on the awareness of Parliamentary issues according to stream on Function questions. Another type of question which is the functions of Malaysian Parliament, most students from both groups know more about this topic. It can be seen that the number of students that concern and aware more about the functions is higher than other topic of questions. They might aware more due to the exposition of media.For example, in thetas online, there was a news about functions of Parliament which is to enact law, â€Å"PITUITARY: The Government will table the International Transfer of Prisoners (TOP) bill 2012 when parliament reconvenes this Swept 24, in a bid to bring home Malaysian locked up abroad. â€Å"14 According to the research, even though the number of the students that aware increased, Arts Students still conquer the topic. Based on the graph above, it shows that arts students know more about Malaysian Parliamentary system. The number of arts dents that have more knowledge about this topic is 19, 2 students more than sciences students which is 17 only. Figure 3 : Graph on Analysis on the awareness of Parliamentary issues according to stream on Membership of Parliament questions. In terms of question of membership of Parliament, one study has found that Arts students are more concern about this type of questions.Based on the graph, it shows that among 25 students, 15 of them answer the questions correctly. In contrast, there are only 10 students of sciences programmer know about the membership of Parliamentary in Malaysia whereas 1 5 students do not concern very well about this tater. To be proven, different programmer have different awareness due to their subjects which are not related to this issue. In short, the topic on Membership of Parliament is rarely published in the media, this is the reason why less Sciences Students know about this. Media do play an important role in giving knowledge, especially with the topic that they do not learn in class.In Nepal newspaper, The Rising Nepal, an author stated the role of media in his article, â€Å"It plays a deciding role in assessing the political performance of the parties and the government. â€Å"15 Figure : Graph on Analysis on the awareness of Parliamentary issues according to stream. Overall, the graph illustrates the awareness of arts students pertaining to Parliamentary issues is slightly higher that sciences students. Unfortunately, the number of the students who are concern about this issue is not satisfying. From 50 students, only 9 arts students and 3 sciences students claim that they aware about Parliamentary issues which is only 24% from students in CIFS Ill-KM. our assumptions towards arts students especially Law students slumped when they themselves confess that they do not care much about this matter. In previous graphs, hey answer it correctly because they learnt it in class. On the other hand, this type of question talked about awareness which is something they get outside classes and by their own effort. As we mentioned before, usually students in Malaysia read less. Consequently, they do not have any knowledge about it and this symptom will make them failed to think out of the box. LIMITATION The hindrances that we encountered while conducting our research can be observed in distributing our survey forms and the article summary.At first, it took many hours in finding the articles on given topics and after we found the articles, it was very official to understand what the articles were all about. Such matter would lead to problems when summarizing all three articles, because understanding was important in summarizing the articles. Based on an article by Sir Swami Administration's, said that â€Å"there is also an importance in developing our understanding, even if it seems somewhat esoteric and unnecessary compared to our normal practices. Because the truth is, unless we develop some unders tanding of what we're seeking, even if we discover it, we won't likely be able to recognize it. 16 Another limitation that emerged during our research was some students did not give lull cooperation while answering our survey. For example, some of them Just filled out the answer without reading the question. Then, there were certain students who did know the answers, but they pretended like they knew it and answered wrongly. This might lead to some problems when making a conclusion. While conducting our research, the facilities in CIFS are considered as good. The process of finding the articles was easy although there were some limitations regarding the slow internet of Wi-If in Ill-KM. Next, the cooperation among members of the group was very indeed needed in giving idea to understand the articles very well.In our opinion, based on what had happened, group members should be more considerate and cooperative as we need each other in the future. CONCLUSION We certainly achieved our ob jective which is to differentiate the knowledge of arts students and sciences students regarding Parliamentary System in Malaysia. We also provide a few information about the Malaysian Parliament to those who have no idea about what is parliament during the survey process in order to create a new generation that have great concern about our own legal system. Although we have provide some knowledge to the students but we also gain a little bit knowledge urine this research process in detailed during the process of searching facts about the parliament of other nations.For instance, we learnt others name of parliament like in Afghanistan called Short, in Azerbaijan called Millie Majors and Croatia called Saber. 17 Another example, we also have learnt the current situation of our own parliament and others which expose us to the new world of parliament that shows huge different as to compare with our parliament. For recommendation, the university should provide specific subjects that com pulsory to all students like history hat enhance their basic knowledge of Malaysia. Apart from that, Malaysia's media should show more programs about Malaysia legal system to give a extra knowledge about politics in Malaysia to all Malaysian.

Baroque Style of Period

It's easy to play any musical instrument: all you have to do is touch the right key at the right time and the instrument will play itself. -Johann Sebastian Bach Well, yes, it's easy to play any musical instrument, but unfortunately for most, it IS hard finding the â€Å"right key' and putting your finger, or mouth, or bow on the â€Å"right time† is almost impossible. But Bach always found the right time to play, and it wasn't during the right second or on the right beat. It was the right century. 600 officially began the Baroque period, and I mention Bach because it seems this period ended tit his death in 1750. Stay tuned (all puns intended) to learn what was going on, who else had the magic touch, and the characteristics of the Baroque time. Several events took place in the one hundred and fifty year span of the Baroque period. Presumably the most influential was that the Age of Enlightenment began. That meant you had an increased chance not to be killed for being differe nt, which was great for entertainers trying to make a name for themselves.Great philosophers and writers flourished in this time, including Francis Bacon, Rene Descartes, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, John Milton, Jonathan Swift, William Shakespeare, and John Donned. All of which high school students are forced- ERM encouraged to read about. Science was also explored, and from it, gravity- the enemy of all women standing on a scale- was discovered. Sir Isaac Newton developed laws of physics, including the Laws of Motion and, as noted above, gravity. The first opera, Eurydice, and opera house, Theater San Casino, opened in 1600 and 1637, respectively.King James Version of the Bible, the most widely distributed version today, was published and reduced in 1611, and probably the greatest moment for you and me, the pilgrims landed here in America in 1620. Go Thanksgiving! So needless to say, none of the great composers of this time came from America, and consequently, have rather difficult names for the average American to pronounce. Such as Archangel Cornell, Claudio Monteverdi, Jean-Philippe Rammer, Alexandra and Domenici Scarlatti, and Heimlich Scouts (You should see how many red squiggly lines Word has up for those).There are less complicated ones, such as Johann Sebastian Bach, George Frederic Handel, Henry Purcell, and Antonio Vivaldi. Vivaldi†¦ I love Vivaldi; his works are outstanding and seem to fit every occasion. Most commercial companies have realized this as well, regrettably, and overuse his masterpiece, The Four Seasons. Some of the other more notable works were Toccata and Fugue in D minor by Bach, The Messiah by Handel, Marcher Royals by Lully, and Coracle's trio sonatas such as Sonata for Violin and Lute.Speaking of trio sonatas, they were a popular form of the Baroque period, as were concertos, concerto grosses, suites (a set of instrumental compositions to be played in succession or a set of selected pieces from an opera or musical, arranged t o be laded as one instrumental work), oratorios, cantatas, operas, fugues (a contrapuntal composition in which a short melody or phrase is introduced by one part and successively taken up by others and developed by interweaving the parts), and toccatas (a musical composition for a keyboard instrument designed to exhibit the performer's touch and technique).While some of these forms may have been used in periods before them, the Baroque period definitively had its definitive characteristics that made it unique and created things that made it memorable. In general, the music was a bit like â€Å"how it feels to chew 5 gum†. Lying on a bed of vibrating metal balls, suspended from wires hit with a hammer, while shooting way up into the air all combined into one.The music had complicated rhythms and expansive movements; it was heavy and thick with texture, including singers and instruments in polyphonic heaven. Sounds were echoed and imitated, creating a very elaborate piece witho ut any crescendos or diminuendos to make it dynamically different. It did have dependable meters though, usually two, three, four, or six main beats. In Just a century and a half, more than two dozen people made artistic history. The Baroque period was a great time of advancement in several areas, especially music.Numerous composers, such as Bach, Handel, Scouts, Vivaldi, Cornell, and Lully, and their work, like The Messiah, and The Four Seasons, survive to this day. The Baroque area has its own defining characteristics, such as complicated rhythms, elaborate melodies, pieces thick with harmony, and syrupy textures. It was also during a time of great change and many new discoveries, such as gravity, the first opera and opera house, and the beginning of the Age of Enlightenment. Hopefully this essay did some justice to the Baroque era. That's all folks.

Brave New World The Advancement Of Science

Brave New World: The Advancement Of Science Essay, Research Paper Brave New World: The Advancement of Science Christy Campbell Mrs. Doig Eng OAC 2 16 May, 1996 When thought of advancement, most people think of progresss in the scientific Fieldss, believing that most finds and engineerings are good to society. Are these progresss every bit good as most people think? In the novel Brave New World, the writer Aldous Huxley, warns readers that scientific progresss can be a menace to society. This is peculiarly apparent in the Fieldss of biological science, engineering and psychological science. Harmonizing to Huxley, # 8220 ; The subject of Brave New World is non the promotion of scientific discipline as such ; it is the promotion of scientific discipline as it affects human persons # 8221 ; ( Huxley CLC 79 290 ) . One scientific progress of which Huxley warns readers of is that in biological science. In the scene of Brave New World, henceforth referred to as the reserve, the mass production of worlds is accomplished with the Bokanovsky procedure. In this procedure, human existences are genetically engineered in research labs. # 8220 ; # 8230 ; a bokanovskified egg will bud, will proliferate, will split. From eight to 96 buds, and every bud will turn into a absolutely formed embryo, and every embryo into a full sized grownup # 8221 ; ( Huxley Brave New World 4 ) . One of the menaces of this familial genteelness is that no household structures exist on the reserve. Alternatively, worlds are raised in conditioning Centres. R.T. Oerton points out that # 8220 ; Present cognition indicates, for case, that a kid can non be deprived of parents or parent figures, as were the kids in Brave New World, without enduring enduring pathological harm to his personality. # 8221 ; ( Oerton CLC 7 308 ) . Another menace that the Bokanovsky procedure airss to society is that life is non extremely valued. # 8220 ; Murder kills merely the single and, after all what is an single? With a sweeping gesture he [ Mr. Foster, manager of hatcheries and conditioning ] indicated the rows of microscopes, the test-tubes, the brooders. We can do a new one with the greatest ease-as many as we like # 8221 ; ( Huxley Brave New World 133 ) . Human life holds no value because it can be easy replaced through the Bokanovsky procedure. Furthermore, Bokanovsky # 8217 ; s method of mass production prevents individualism, as on the reserve, all people are cloned. Get downing from the clip of decanting, each embryo is genetically cloned to fall into one of the assorted societal categories. Within each societal category, all members are cloned to be intellectually and physically tantamount. Biological engineering helps to accomplish this equality by genetically determining the heads of society. In Brave New World, one # 8217 ; s intelligence depends on the sum of intoxicant injected into their embryo. For illustration, one of the lower categories in society, Epsilons, have rather a high sum of intoxicant injected in the decanting procedure. Mental module, hence, is predestined from the minute of cloning. By making a universe where worlds are mass produced, Brave New World demonstrates that progresss in biological science can be unsafe if used without respect for the well being of the human race. Harmonizing to Huxley, progresss in engineering can besides be a menace to society. In Brave New World, everything is wholly mechanised, extinguishing the demand for creativeness and imaginativeness. Huxley warns us against mechanisation, reasoning# 8220 ; the machine dehumanizes work forces by demanding mechanical efficiency of them # 8221 ; ( Hillegas 114 ) . Man # 8217 ; s creativeness is replaced with everyday undertakings, because machines are able to make much of the work. The businesss available for people on the reserve, consist of insistent mechanical operations. In Brave New World, leisure activities are dominated by engineering. The primary beginning of amusement is the # 8220 ; feelies, # 8221 ; a type of film theater in which all the senses are unnaturally created. Alternatively of experiencing the emotions portrayed on screen, the audience absorbs stimulated esthesiss. These stimulations prevent them from free idea, which threatens society by denying people from sing their ain creativeness and imaginativeness. Furthermore, engineering affects amusement by being incorporated into all games of drama. Games consist of advanced technological setup, and low organisation, making really superficial amusement. Harmonizing to Huxley, this frustrates one of humanity # 8217 ; s critical demands to be originative. # 8220 ; Men no longer divert themselves creatively but sit passively amused by mechanical devices # 8221 ; ( Hillegas 115 ) . Among technological progresss, one danger Huxley warns of is the progress in pharmacological medicine. In Brave New Wo rld, an unreal signifier of felicity is present in a drug called haoma. Soma propels the user into a hallucinatory dream universe, supplying alleviation from negativeness, leting changeless felicity Peoples are rewarded for work by having rations of haoma. The soma ration varies harmonizing to the societal categories, with the lowest categories having the least, and the highest categories having the greatest. Society is conditioned to believe that # 8220 ; One cubic centimeter remedies ten glooming sentiments # 8221 ; ( Huxley Brave New World 53 ) . This concluding deceives the user into believing that haoma is a cure- all redress. Since haoma has no side effects, it can be a menace to society because people may be drugged into a hallucinatory dream universe 24 hours a twenty-four hours. It could be used as a drug non to get away the force per unit areas of life, but to flight life itself. Similar to biology, engineering can be a danger to society if used without respect for the public assistance of world. Finally, the most unsafe of all scientific promotions Huxley warns of, is the advancement in psychological science. In Brave New World, every individual is conditioned. The first conditioning technique used is subliminal preparation. This type of psychological science is utilised to plan thoughts into single # 8217 ; s heads by a method called hypnopaedia. Hypnopaedia consists of repetitive messages that play over a speaker unit during slumber. These repeats are composed of socially accepted ethical motives and values. # 8220 ; All conditioning purposes at doing people like their unescapable societal destiny. # 8221 ; ( Huxley Brave New World 13 ) . This bounds persons from researching life and developing their thought of felicity when# 8220 ; felicity # 8221 ; is already predetermined in their heads. Harmonizing to Huxley, his# 8220 ; # 8230 ; main scheme was to demo that the learned felicity of Brave New World cuts work forces off from deep experience, keeps them from being human. # 8221 ; ( Hillegas 118 ) . Direct stimulation is used as another conditioning technique. On the reserve, society is conditioned against love, nature, literature, and other signifiers of look that are of course desired by adult male. To status babes against nature and literature, they are mildly shocked while meeting books and flowers placed before them. Therefore, this direct stimulation causes them to hold an natural hate of flowers and books. Harmonizing to reserve accountants, # 8220 ; A love of nature keeps no mills busy # 8221 ; ( Huxley Brave New World 19 ) . Ethical motives and values, which usually through the turning up procedure can be discovered on their ain, are brainwashed into society # 8217 ; s heads. This direct stimulation is harmful to society as it prevents people from make up ones minding upon their ain ethical motives and values. Another signifier of conditioning in Brave New World trades with decease. From the early age of 18 months, kids are exposed to decease while playing with playthings and eating confect. Therefore ensuing in an ageless association between felicity and decease. Death conditioning can be unsafe to society as kids become unable to separate between good and evil. In add-on, sexual conditioning is present in Brave New World. From a really immature age, sexual drama is normal and encouraged in everyone. Together, 100s of kids play sexual games in the nude. Besides, more than one sexual spouse is encouraged, ensuing in the absence of committed relationships. This absence of committed relationship creates a universe without deep feelings of homo fondness. Society is conditioned to believe # 8220 ; Everyone belongs to everyone else # 8221 ; ( Huxley Brave New World 35 ) . Unfortunately, these psychological promotions cause the reserve to be a universe without single idea. Each individual is conditioned into a life, which is believed to be most advantageous for them. Thomas D. Clareson points out that # 8220 ; The Brave New World is mindless # 8230 ; it # 8217 ; s citizens are # 8216 ; nice tame animate beings # 8217 ; # 8230 ; # 8221 ; ( Huxley, DISC ) . The conditioning methods in Brave New World take away all freedom of pick and determination in society. The society depicted in Brave New World is to many, a scaring one. Though, it may be more of a world than is soon thought. Society must guarantee that scientific discipline is altering to accommodate human demands, instead than altering the human race to accommodate scientific discipline. With the increasing advancement in biological science, engineering and psychological science, this may be an impossible effort to get the better of. The universe may one twenty-four hours be without individualism, emotions or free idea. In Brave New World, the scientific progresss show to be a menace to society, where # 8220 ; One could of class, exist. . . # 8221 ; though, # 8220 ; # 8230 ; One could not-in the fullest sense of the word-live in it. # 8221 ; ( Wright 87 ) .