Age of Imperialism

Imperialism (18501914) * Imperial refers to * imperium * royal family * Extending magnates * Age of Imperialism(http//www. smplanet. com/teaching/imperialism/SAW1) * Main Events * 1823 Monroe principle reflected special U. S. touch on in the Statess * 1850 European occupation with Africa becomes well ceremonious * 1852 short sleep III (Louis Napoleon) proclaimed himself emperor of France * 1869Suez epithelial duct opens (Egypt) 1871Bismark completed unification of German Empire * 18841885Berlin Congress unbendings rules for African colony * 1898 * coupled States acquired Philippines, annexed Hawaii * United States win Spanish-the Statesn contend * 1899Boer warfarefare began in entropy Africa * 1910 Mexican Revolution began * 1914 * Most of Africa is chthonic European simplicity * public War I began * 1918World War I ended IndustrialismImperialismNationalism Industrialism * Profit maximization Eng put down Factory system * Resources from colonies * Mass labor go ods = sell & export to the colonies * Profit maximization * Industrialization stirred ambitions in umpteen European countries * Competed new securities industrys for own goods * dictum Africa as a source for materials and a market * colonial forcefulness seized slews of areas in Africa during the nineteenth and 20th centuries * Imperialism * go downment * World market * England as the creative activity index in the 1820s. * Power World standing the fair weather never installs on the England Empire * Usu bothy through multitude might and some time economicals * capture of a territory by a stronger inelegant * * Throughout out around Africa, stronger countries harnessd in many areas * * Europeans disregard the claims of African ethnic groups, kingdoms, and city- verbalises * * African races glide by to fell the effects of the colonial front line more than 100 years afterwards * Europeans established colonies. * 1823Monroe Doctrine A reaction to the independenc e Latin America+ Mexico+ primeval America * * After 1823, only Bolivia is sub collectd nether spanish chasten * It warned European nations that continuing to be in the Americas is way out to be seen as an act of invasion * Claimed to help the Latin Americas, but it in truth constrained and threatened them to follow rules from the United States * The United Stateshad the right to intervene problems in the western hemisphere * White Mans accuse * Nationalism and social Darwinism Racist patronizing that preached that superior Westerners had an obligation to bring their finis to uncivilized hoi polloi in an other(prenominal) pars of the world * Germany and Russia especially apply imperialist drives to divert popular attention from the circle struggle at home and to stool a false sense of home(a) congruity. Causes of Imperialism * Nationalism * British colonized Canada, Australia, sore Zealand, Ireland * Colonists wanted their freedom (1800s) * To gain power, European na tions compete for colonies and trade * European Migration amongst 1815 and 1932 more than 60 million masses left Europe * Migrants went primarily to European inhabited areas * North and South America * Australia * New Zealand * Siberia * European migration provided further gallery for Western expansion (Westernization) * More were unforesightful from rural areas, though seldom from the poorest classes (due to tyrannous land policies) * Economic Competition * look for new markets and raw materials * Missionary whole kit * more successful in African and Asian areas Europeans believe they must scattering their Christian teachings to the world * New war instrument and nautical bases to protect ones interests against other European powers * British concerned by French and German land grabs in eighties * might seal off their empires with spunky tariffs and restrictions * futurity economic opportunities might be lost * Increases tensions between the haves (British Empire) and t he have nots (Germany & Italy) who came in latte to the Imperialist * Dr. David Livingston 1st fair man to do humanitarian and spectral work in south and interchange Africa darkened & New Imperialism * Europes regularise move to expand in the 19th century, and for all the same old reasons * European imperialism became worldwide in nature, with Britain the world leader (The sun never sets on the British Empire) * Contradictory Many European nations explored nationalism, liberalism * Old Imperialism * 15th 16th century * Didnt snap into Africa or Asia * No substantial curves on lives of people European powers did not ordinarily acquire territory miss for Spain in Americas and Portugal in Brazil, but rather create a series of trading send * Respected and frequently cooperated with local rulers in India, china, Japan, Indonesia, another areas where trade flourished between locals and European coastal trading centers * New Imperialism * A policy in which one agricultural seeks to extend its authority by conquering other countries or by establishing economic and political dominance everywhere other countries. European nations conquers with armies * New troops and naval bases to protect their interest * Raising taxes to restrain land grab * 18th 19th century * enamours over economic, political and socials lives of people * People were used to benefit the European economies * Forms of Imperialism * settlement * A country or territory governed nationally by a foreign power * Protectorate * A country of territory with its own internal government but under the run across of an outside power * Sphere of Influence An area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges * Economic Imperialism * An single-handed but less-developed country controlled by private crease interest tauter than other governments Imperial Management Methods * confirmatory engage * Local government officials used * Limited self-rule * Develop future leaders * governing body institutions are base on European styles but may have local rules * Direct Control * Foreign officials brought in to rule * No self-rule Paternalism Europeans governed people in a parietal way by providing for their involve but not giving them rights * socialisation based on the idea that in time, the local populations would adopt French culture and become like the French * Government institutions are based only on European style * Legacy of Colonial Rule * Positive * small town * Europeans control lands and people in areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America * Reduced local warfare (variety in ethnic groups) * Humanitarians provided schools and hospitals (better living conditions) * Colonial economic science Europeans control trade in the colonies and set up dependent cash-crop economies * African products came to be valued on international market * Christianization * Christianity spreads to Africa, India and Asia * Negative * Africa lost its independence and its land * Contempt for the traditional culture and perceptiveness of European life undermined stable societies and caused identity operator problems for Africans * Division of African continent * created problems that plagued African colonies during European occupation Africa 1880Europeans controlled 10% of Africa (mainly on the coast) * Scramble for African Territory because of the discoveries of diamonds in South Africa * By 1914Europeans controlled all Africaexcept Liberia and Ethiopia * late 1860s Congo Sparks Interest * David Livingstone lasted with a group of Africans to central Africa to gain Christianity * 1871Henry Stanleyfound Livingston (whom westerners thought to be dead) * his newspaper reports created European interest in Africa * Stanley sought aid of king of Belgium to dominate the Congo region. 1879 1882Stanley signed treaties with local foreman of the Congo River Valley * Gave King Leopold II of Belgium the control of these lands * He clai med that his motive in establishing colony was to abolish the slavery and promote Christianity * But he exploited Africans viciously (collect sap from rubber plants) * At to the lowest degree 10 million Congolese died due to his abuses * 1908Belgian Government took over power of the colony * Belgian Congo (80 times larger than Belgium) This action alarmed France * soon Britain, Germany, Italy, Portugal and Spain claimed parts of Africa * Berlin Conference * 18841885 * 14 European Nations established the rules for conquest of Africa * PAPER partition * Sponsored by Bismarck & Jules Ferry * sought-after(a) to precent conflict over imperialism * Coincided with Germans rise as an imperial power * Agreed to forget slavery and slave trade in Africa * No African rulers were invited to attend these meetings * Factors promoting Imperialism in Africa European technical superiority * 1884 dictum Gun (worlds 1st auto machine gun) * Invention of steam-boat, made it easy to travel (for Europ eans) * Susceptible to malaria (disease carries by dense swarms of mosquitoes in Africas interior * 1829perfection of drug defend Europeans from malaria * Various languages and cultures in Africa * Discouraged the unity in Africa * Africans, Dutch and BritishClashed over South Africa for resources and lands * Zulus & British * 1816Shaka, a Zulu knob created a large centralized state by isciplined warriors and good military system of rules * 1879Zulu king Cetshwayo refused to dismiss the Zulu army * not accepting British Rules * British invaded Zulu nation * July 1879Battle of Ulundi * The Zulus lost the Battle and their dry land * 1887Under British control * Boers & British in Cape * 1st Europeans settle in South Africa were the Dutch * 1625Dutch came to the Cape of Good Hope * established way station for sailing between Dutch East Indies and the Netherlands * Those Dutch settlers were cognise as theBoers 1880sBritish took over the Cape Colony PERMANENTLY * Boers clashed over B ritish policy (land & slaves) * 1830sGreat travel * Boers moved to North in score to escape the British African Colonization & Independence * 1884Western leaders met to take off Africa into colonial holdings * 1914nearly all of Africa is under European controls * European imperial powers set national borders in Afirca without regard for local ethnic or political divisions 1898 Fashoda resultant * France & Britain nearly went to war over Sudan France plump for down in the face of the Dreyfus involvement * Wanted to connect Cape to capital of Egypt by railroads 1899 1902 The Boer War (South Africa War) * Boers blamed British bringing the outsiders into Africa (for minerals diamonds and gold) * 1st modern match war * British countered by destroy Boer lands and imprisoning women and children * Black South Africans were involved in the war * British won * 1910Boer republics united Union of South Africa, which was controlled by the British * Cecil Rhodes * Prime Minister of Cape Colony Principal sponsor of the Cape-to-Cairo (British wanted to control over the continent) * Rhodes wanted to extend his influence there after the diamonds and gold were discovered in the Transvaal but rein controlled by Boers (Dutch settlers) * Kruger Telegram (1902) * Kaiser Wilhelm II (starter of WWI) * Congratulated Boers on defeating British invaders without need of German assistance * arouse swept through Britain and targeted at Germany Asia 1898 Spanish-American War * Mid-1890s the United States had developed substantial business holdings in Cuba. It had an economic stake in the fate of the country. * Objected to the Spanish brutality. * Helped Cuban war for independence. * Lasted about four months. * U. S. forces launched their first plan of attack not on Cuba but on the Philippine Islands * Unprepared for a war on two fronts, the Spanish military quickly collapsed. * U. S. defeated Spain (took Philippines, Guam, Hawaii & Cuba) * 1901 Cuba became an independent nation * BUT United States installed a military government and continued to observe control over Cuban affairs. - caused tensions * American had become the dominate imperial power in Latin America 1898 1901 pugilist Rebellion * Anti-foreign pro to nationalist gesture by the Righteous Harmony in China * Took place against a primer of serious drought and economic ruction in response to foreign influence * Opposing Imperialism and Christianity from the foreigners * June 20thA German minister stationed in China (Klemens Freiferr von Kettler) be various countries going zongli yamen and demanded protection, is ambushed by the exhaust soldier on the way * lead to war 904 1905 Russo- Nipponese War * Sino-Japanese War * Japanese Victory, China lost Manchuria * 1903They had a war over Manchuria * Japan claimed they will fill in the right of Russian in Manchuria if Russian stayed out of Korea. Russian refused * Japan launched a surprise attaching on Russian ships at Manchuria, which this a ction resulted in Russo-Japanese War